RT Book, Section
A1 Martin, Timothy J.
A1 Corbett, James J.
SR Print(0)
ID 1101632620
T1 The Visual Motor System
T2 Practical Neuroophthalmology
YR 2013
FD 2013
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-178187-9
LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1101632620
RD 2024/04/24
AB The  visual  motor  (efferent)  system  can  be  functionally  divided  into  supranuclear/internuclear,  nuclear/infranuclear,  and  orbit/extraocular  muscle  components.  Supranuclear  pathways  originate  in  the  cerebral  cortex  and  are  modulated  by  the  cerebellum  and  vestibular  apparatus  to  coordinate  movement  of  both  eyes  with  respect  to  the  position  and  movement  of  the  head  and  body.  These  areas  and  the  functions  they  perform  are  supranuclear  because  they  are  higher  up  in  the  chain  of  command  than  the  cranial  nerve  motor  nuclei  (for  cranial  nerves  III,  IV,  and  VI)  that  drive  the  extraocular  muscles.  Internuclear  pathways  provide  direct  connections  between  specific  motor  nuclei  to  coordinate  binocular  movement.  Infranuclear  pathways  begin  with  the  fascicles  of  cranial  nerves  III,  IV,  and  VI  and  include  the  course  of  these  cranial  nerves  to  the  extraocular  muscles,  delivering  coordinated  impulses  to  the  muscles  that  move  the  eyes,  eyelids,  and  pupil.