Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremity |
Flexion of neck Extension of neck Rotation of neck Lateral bending of neck | Deep neck muscles (sterno-cleidomastoid and trapezius also participate) | C1–4 | Cervical | Cervical |
Elevation of upper thorax Inspiration | Scaleni Diaphragm | C3–5 | Phrenic | |
Adduction of arm from behind to front | Pectoralis major and minor | C5–8; T1 | Pectoral (thoracic; from medial and lateral cords of plexus) | Brachial |
Forward thrust of shoulder | Serratus anterior | C5–7 | Long thoracic | |
Elevation of scapula Medial adduction and elevation of scapula | Levator scapulae Rhomboids | C3–5 C4, 5 | Dorsal scapular | |
Abduction of arm Lateral rotation of arm | Supraspinatus Infraspinatus | C4–6 C4–6 | Suprascapular | |
Medial rotation of arm Adduction of arm from front to back | Latissimus dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis | C5–8 | Subscapular (from posterior cord of plexus) | |
Abduction of arm Lateral rotation of arm | Deltoid Teres minor | C5, 6 C4, 5 | Axillary (from posterior cord of plexus) | |
Flexion of forearm Supination of forearm Adduction of arm Flexion of forearm Flexion of forearm | Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis | C5, 6 C5–7 C5,6 | Musculocutaneous (from lateral cord of plexus) | |
Ulnar flexion of hand Flexion of all fingers but thumb Adduction of metacarpal of thumb Abduction of little finger Opposition of little finger Flexion of little finger Flexion of proximal phalanx, extension of 2 distal phalanges, adduction and abduction of fingers | Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar portion) Adductor pollicis Abductor digiti quinti Opponens digiti quinti Flexor digiti quinti Interossei | C7, 8; T1 C7, 8; T1 C8, T1 C8, T1 C7, 8; T1 C7, 8; T1 C8,T1 | Ulnar (from medial cord of plexus) | |
Pronation of forearm Radial flexion of hand Flexion of hand Flexion of middle phalanx of index, middle, ring, or little finger Flexion of hand | Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficalis | C6, 7 C6, 7 C7, 8; T1 C7, 8; T1 | Median (C6, 7 from lateral cord of plexus; C8, T1 from medial cord of plexus) | |
Flexion of terminal phalanx of thumb Flexion of terminal phalanx of index or middle finger Flexion of hand | Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus (radial portion) | C7, 8; T1 C7, 8; T1 | | |
Abduction of metacarpal of thumb Flexion of proximal phalanx of thumb Opposition of metacarpal of thumb Flexion of proximal phalanx and extension of the 2 distal phalanges of index, middle, ring, or little finger | Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Lumbricales (the 2 lateral) Lubricales (the 2 medial) | C7, 8; T1 C7, 8; T1 C8, T1 C8, T1 C8, T1 | Median (C7, 8 from lateral cord of plexus; C8, T1 from medial cord of plexus) Ulnar | Brachial |
Extension of forearm Flexion of forearm Radial extension of hand Extension of phalanges of index, middle, ring, or little finger Extension of hand Extension of phalanges of little finger Extension of hand Ulnar extension of hand | Triceps brachii and anconeus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti quanti proprius Extensor carpi ulnaris | C6–8 C5, 6 C6–8 C7–8 C6–8 C6–8 | Radial (from posterior cord of plexus) | |
Supination of forearm Abduction of metacarpal of thumb Radial extension of hand Extension of thumb Radial extension of hand Extension of index finger Extension of hand | Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis proprius | C5–7 C7, 8; T1 C7, 8 C6–8 C6–8 | Radial (from posterior cord of plexus) | |
Trunk and Thorax |
Elevation of ribs Depression of ribs Contraction of abdomen Anteroflexion of trunk Lateral flexion of trunk | Thoracic, abdominal, and back | T1–L3 | Thoracic and posterior lumbosacral branches | Brachial |
Hip Gridle and Lower Extremity |
Flexion of hip Flexion of hip (and eversion of thigh) Extension of leg | Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps femoris | L1–3 L2, 3 L2–4 | Femoral | Lumbar |
Adduction of thigh Adduction of thigh Lateral rotation of thigh | Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus | L2, 3 L2, 3 L2–4 L3, 4 L2–4 L3, 4 | Obturator | |
Abduction of thigh Medial rotation of thigh Flexion of thigh | Gluteus medius and minimus Tensor fasciae latae | L4, 5; S1 L4, 5 | Superior gluteal | Sacral |
Lateral rotation of thigh | Piriformis | S1, 2 | | |
Abduction of thigh | Gluteus maximus | L4, 5; S1, 2 | Inferior gluteal | |
Lateral rotation of thigh | Obturator internus Gemelli Quadratus femoris | L5, S1 L4, 5; S1 L4, 5; S1 | Muscular branches from sacral plexus | |
Flexion of leg (assist in extension of thigh) | Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus | L4, 5; S1, 2 L4, 5; S1 L4, 5; S1 | Sciatic (trunk) | Sacral |
Dorsal flexion of foot Supination of foot Extension of toes 2–5 Dorsal flexion of foot Extension of great toe Dorsal flexion of foot Extension of great toe and the 3 medial toes | Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum brevis | L4, 5 L4, 5; S1 L4, 5; S1 L4, 5; S1 | Deep peroneal | |
Plantar flexion of foot in pronation | Peroneus longus and brevis Gastrocnemius | L5; S1 L5; S1, 2 | Superficial peroneal Tibial | |
Plantar flexion of foot in supination Plantar flexion of foot in supination Flexion of terminal phalanx of toes II–V Plantar flexion of foot in supination Flexion of terminal phalanx of great toe Flexion of middle phalanx of toes II–V Flexion of proximal phalanx of great toe Spreading and closing of toes Flexion of proximal phalanx of toes | Tibialis posterior and triceps surae Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor hallucis brevis Small muscles of foot | L5, S1 S1; 2 L5; S1, 2 L5; S1 L5; S1, 2 S1, 2 | Tibial | |
Voluntary control of pelvic floor | Perineal and sphincters | S2–4 | Pudendal | |