1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
2. National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. Learning disabilities: issues on definition. ASHA. 1991; 33(5):18-20.
4. Campbell WN, Skarakis-Doyle E. School-aged children with SLI: the ICF as a framework for collaborative service delivery.
J Commun Disord. 2007;40:513-535.
[PubMed: 17343872]
5. Gauger LM, Lombardino LJ, Leonard CM. Brain morphology in children with specific language impairment.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997;40:1272–1284.
[PubMed: 9430748]
7. Blanchard LT, Gurka MJ, Blackman JA. Emotional, developmental, and behavioral health of American children and their families: a report from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e1202-e1212.
9. Lee J, Grigg WS, Donahue P. The Nation's Report Card: Reading 2007 (NCES 2007-496). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education; 2007.
10. Salahu-Din D, Persky H, Miller J. The Nation's Report Card: Writing 2007 (NCES 2008-468). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education; 2008.
11. Lee J, Grigg WS, Dion GS. The Nation's Report Card: Mathematics 2007 (NCES 2007-494). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education; 2007.
12. Lyon G, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B. A definition of dyslexia. Ann Dyslexia. 2003;53:1-14.
13. Shaywitz SE, Gruen JR, Shaywitz BA. Management of dyslexia, its rationale, and underlying neurobiology.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54:609-623, viii.
[PubMed: 17543912]
14. Shalev RS, Auerbach J, Manor O, Gross-Tsur V. Developmental dyscalculia: prevalence and prognosis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;9(suppl 2):II58-II64.
15. Grigorenko EL. Developmental dyslexia: an update on genes, brains, and environments.
J ChildPsychol Psychiatry. 2001;42:91-125.
[PubMed: 11205626]
16. Fletcher JM, Lyon GR, Fuchs LS, Barnes MA. Learning Disabilities: From Identification toIntervention. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2007.
17. Olson RK. Genes, environment, and dyslexia: The 2005 Norman Geshwind Memorial Lecture.
Ann Dyslexia. 2006;56(2): 205-238.
[PubMed: 17849199]
18. Friend A, DeFries J, Wadsworth S, Olson R. Genetic and environmental influences on word recognition and spelling deficits as a function of age.
Behav Genet. 2007;37:477-486.
[PubMed: 17345157]
19. Wadsworth S, DeFries J, Olson R, Willcutt E. Colorado longitudinal twin study of reading disability.
Ann Dyslexia. 2007;57:139-160.
[PubMed: 18060583]
20. Hawke JL, Wadsworth SJ, DeFries JC. Genetic influences on reading difficulties in boys and girls: the Colorado twin study.
Dyslexia. 2006;12:21-29.
[PubMed: 16512171]
22. Richards TL, Aylward EH, Field KM, et al. Converging evidence for triple word form theory in children with dyslexia.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2006;30:547-589.
[PubMed: 16925475]
23. Snowling MJ, Muter V, Carroll J. Children at family risk of dyslexia: a follow-up in early adolescence.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007;48:609-618.
[PubMed: 17537077]
24. Williams J, O'Donovan MC. The genetics of developmental dyslexia.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2006;14:681-689.
[PubMed: 16721404]
25. Harlaar N, Dale PS, Plomin R. From learning to read to reading to learn: substantial and stable genetic influence.
Child Dev. 2007;78:116-131.
[PubMed: 17328696]
26. Bates TC, Luciano M, Castles A, Coltheart M, Wright MJ, Martin NG. Replication of reported linkages for dyslexia and spelling and suggestive evidence for novel regions on chromosomes 4 and 17.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2006;15:194-203.
[PubMed: 17119535]
27. Galaburda AM, LoTurco J, Ramus F, Fitch RH, Rosen GD. From genes to behavior in developmental dyslexia.
Nat Neurosci. 2006;9:1213-1217.
[PubMed: 17001339]
28. McGrath LM, Smith SD, Pennington BF. Breakthroughs in the search for dyslexia candidate genes.
Trends Mol Med. 2006;12:333-341.
[PubMed: 16781891]
29. Paracchini S, Scerri T, Monaco AP. The genetic lexicon of dyslexia.
Annu Rev Genomics HumGenet. 2007;8:57-79.
[PubMed: 17444811]
30. Ramus F. Neurobiology of dyslexia: a reinterpretation of the data.
Trends Neurosci. 2004;27:720-726.
[PubMed: 15541512]
31. Peterson RL, McGrath LM, Smith SD, Pennington BF. Neuropsychology and genetics of speech, language, and literacy disorders.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2007;54:543-561.
[PubMed: 17543909]
32. Leonard C, Eckert M, Given B, Virginia B, Eden G. Individual differences in anatomy predict reading and oral language impairments in children.
Brain. 2006;129:3329-3342.
[PubMed: 17012292]
33. Eckert MA, Leonard CM, Richards TL, Aylward EH, Thomson J, Berninger VW. Anatomical correlates of dyslexia: frontal and cerebellar findings.
Brain. 2003; 126:482-494.
[PubMed: 12538414]
34. Shaywitz BA, Lyon GR, Shaywitz SE. The role of functional magnetic resonance imaging in understanding reading and dyslexia.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2006;30:613-632.
[PubMed: 16925477]
35. Hoeft F, Meyler A, Hernandez A, et al. Functional and morphometric brain dissociation between dyslexia and reading ability.
Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2007;104:4234-4239.
[PubMed: 17360506]
36. Vellutino FR, Fletcher JM, Snowling MJ, Scanlon DM. Specific reading disability (dyslexia): what have we learned in the past four decades?
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45:2-40.
[PubMed: 14959801]
37. Eden GF, Jones KM, Cappell K, et al. Neural changes following remediation in adult developmental dyslexia.
Neuron. 2004;44:411-422.
[PubMed: 15504323]
38. Barnes MA, Fuchs LS. Learning disabilities. In: Wolraich ML, Drotar DD, Dworkin PH, Perrin EC, eds. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics: Evidence and Practice. Philidelphia, PA: Mosby; 2008:445-466.
39. Gersten R, Jordan NC, Flojo JR. Early identification and interventions for students with mathematics difficulties.
J Learn Disabil. 2005;38:293-304.
[PubMed: 16122059]
40. Wilson A, Dehaene S, Pinel P, Revkin S, Cohen L, Cohen D. Principles underlying the design of "the Number Race," an adaptive computer game for remediation of dyscalculia.
Behav Brain Func. 2006;2:19.
[PubMed: 16734905]
41. Dehaene S. The Number Sense: How the Mind Creates Mathematics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1997.
42. Rousselle L, Noël M-P. Basic numerical skills in children with mathematics learning disabilities: a comparison of symbolic vs non-symbolic number magnitude processing.
Cognition. 2007;102:361-395.
[PubMed: 16488405]
43. Dehaene S, Molko N, Cohen L, Wilson AJ. Arithmetic and the brain.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2004;14:218-224.
[PubMed: 15082328]
44. Price GR, Holloway I, Rasanen P, Vesterinen M, Ansari D. Impaired parietal magnitude processing in developmental dyscalculia. Curr Biol. 2007;17:R1042-R1043.
45. Alarcon M, DeFries JC, Light JG, Pennington BF. A twin study of mathematics disability.
JLearn Disabil. 1997;30:617-623.
[PubMed: 9364899]
46. Shalev RS, Gross-Tsur V. Developmental dyscalculia.
Pediatr Neurol. 2001;24:337-342.
[PubMed: 11516606]
47. Shalev RS, Manor O, Kerem B, et al. Developmental dyscalculia is a familial learning disability.
J Learn Disabil. 2001;34:59-65.
[PubMed: 15497272]
48. Geary DC. Learning disabilities in arithematic: problem-solving differences and cognitive deficits. In: Swanson HL, Harris KR, Graham S, eds. Handbook of Learning Disabilities. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2003:199-212.
49. Ansari D, Karmiloff-Smith A. Atypical trajectories of number development: a neuroconstructivist perspective.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2002;6:511-516.
[PubMed: 12475711]
50. Von Aster MG, Shalev RS. Number development and developmental dyscalculia. Dev MedChild Neurol. 2007;49:868-873.
51. Kadosh RC, Walsh V. Dyscalculia. Curr Biol. 2007;17:R946-R947.
52. Murphy MM, Mazzocco MMM. Mathematics learning disabilities in girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome during late elementary school.
J Learn Disabil. 2008; 41:29-46-R947.
[PubMed: 18274502]
53. Bishop DVM, Hayiou-Thomas ME. Heritability of specific language impairment depends on diagnostic criteria.
Genes Brain Behav. 2008;7:365-372.
[PubMed: 17919296]
54. Hayiou-Thomas ME. Genetic and environmental influences on early speech, language and literacy development.
J Commun Disord. 2008;41:397-408.
[PubMed: 18538338]
55. McMahon A, McMahon R. Genetics and language. In: Keith B, ed. Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. Oxford, England: Elsevier; 2006:21-24.
56. Fisher SE. On genes, speech, and language.
N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1655-1657.
[PubMed: 16236736]
57. Webster RI, Erdos C, Evans K, et al. The clinical spectrum of developmental language impairment in school-aged children: language, cognitive, and motor findings. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e1541-e1549.
58. Feldman HM. Evaluation and management of language and speech disorders in preschool children.
Pediatr Rev. 2005;26:131-142.
[PubMed: 15805236]
59. Kramer U. Atypical presentations of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: a review.
J Child Neurol. 2008;23:785-790.
[PubMed: 18658078]
60. Nelson HD, Nygren P, Walker M, Panoscha R. Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e298-e319.
61. Grizzle KL, Simms MD. Early language development and language learning disabilities.
Pediatr Rev. 2005;26: 274-283.
[PubMed: 16061525]
62. Butterworth B. The development of arithmetical abilities.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005;46:3-18.
[PubMed: 15660640]
63. Shalev RS. Developmental dyscalculia.
J Child Neurol. 2004;19:765-771.
[PubMed: 15559892]
64. Kelly DP, Aylward GP. Identifying school performance problems in the pediatric office.
Pediatr Ann. 2005;34: 288-298.
[PubMed: 15871433]
65. Snowling MJ, Maughan B. Reading and other learning disorders. In: Gillberg C, Harrington R, Steinhausen HC, eds. A Clinician's Handbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2006:417-446.
66. Fletcher JM, Barnes MA, Francis DJ, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Classification of learning disabilities: an evidence-based evaluation. In: Bradley R, Danielson L, Hallahan DP, eds. Identificationof Learning Disabilities: Research to Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 2002:185-250.
67. Grizzle KL, Simms MD. Early language development and language learning disabilities.
Pediatr Rev. 2005;26: 274-283.
[PubMed: 16061525]
68. Puolakanaho A, Ahonen T, Aro M, et al. Developmental links of very early phonological and language skills to second grade reading outcomes: strong to accuracy but only minor to fluency.
J Learn Disabil. 2008;41:353-370.
[PubMed: 18560022]
69. Schatschneider C, Torgesen JK. Using our current understanding of dyslexia to support early identification and intervention.
J Child Neurol. 2004;19:759-765.
[PubMed: 15559891]
70. Schatschneider C, Fletcher JM, Francis DJ, Carlson CD, Foorman BR. Kindergarten prediction of reading skills: a longitudinal comparative analysis. J Edu Psychol. 2004;96:265-282.
71. De Jong PF, Olson RK. Early predictors of letter knowledge. J Exp Child Psychol. 2004;88:254-273.
72. Lonigan C, Burgess SR, Anthony JL. Development of emergent literacy and early reading skills in preschool children: evidence from a latent-variable longitudinal study.
Dev Psychol. 2000;36:596-613.
[PubMed: 10976600]
73. Storch SA, Whitehurst GJ. Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: evidence from a longitudinal structural model.
Dev Psychol. 2002;38:934-947.
[PubMed: 12428705]
74. Meltzer LJ, Mindell JA. Sleep and sleep disorders in children and adolescents.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006; 29:1059-1076.
[PubMed: 17118282]
75. Perez-Chada D, Perez-Lloret S, Videla AJ, et al. Sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness are associated with poor academic performance in teenagers. A study using the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS).
Sleep. 2007;30:1698-1703.
[PubMed: 18246979]
76. Maag JW, Reid R. Depression among students with learning disabilities: assessing the risk.
J Learn Disabil. 2006;39:3-10.
[PubMed: 16512079]
77. Elbaum B, Vaughn S. Self-concept and students with learning disabilities. In: Swanson HL, Harris KR, Graham S, eds. Handbook of Learning Disabilities. New York, NY Guilford Press; 2003:229.
78. Sideridis GD. Why are students with LD depressed? A goal orientation model of depression vulnerability.
J Learn Disabil. 2007;40:526-539.
[PubMed: 18064978]
79. Martinez RS, Semrud-Clikeman M. Emotional adjustment and school functioning of young adolescents with multiple versus single learning disabilities.
J Learn Disabil. 2004;37:411-420.
[PubMed: 15460348]
80. Lackaye T, Margalit M, Ziv O, Ziman T. Comparisons of self-efficacy, mood, effort, and hope between students with learning disabilities and their non-LD-matched peers. Learn Disabil Res Pract. 2006;21:111-121.
81. Sundheim ST, Voeller KK. Psychiatric implications of language disorders and learning disabilities: risks and management.
J Child Neurol. 2004;19:814-826.
[PubMed: 15559896]
82. Capin DM. Developmental learning disorders: clues to their diagnosis and management.
Pediatr Rev. 1996;17: 284-290.
[PubMed: 8758670]
83. Jäncke L, Siegenthaler T, Preis S, Steinmetz H. Decreased white-matter density in a left-sided fronto-temporal network in children with developmental language disorder: evidence for anatomical anomalies in a motor-language network.
Brain Lang. 2007;102:91-98.
[PubMed: 21110402]
84. Manor O, Shalev RS, Joseph A, Gross-Tsur V. Arithmetic skills in kindergarten children with developmental language disorders.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2001;5:71-77.
[PubMed: 11589316]
85. Webster RI, Erdos C, Evans K, et al. Neurological and magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with developmental language impairment.
J Child Neurol. 2008;23:870-877.
[PubMed: 18660471]
86. Trauner D, Wulfeck B, Tallal P, Hesselink J. Neurological and MRI profiles of children with developmental language impairment.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000;42:470-475.
[PubMed: 10972419]
87. Coplan J. Language delays. In: Parker S, Zuckerman BS, Augustyn M, eds. Developmental andBehavioral Pediatrics: A Handbook for Primary Care. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:222-226.
88. Dworkin PH. School failure. In: Parker S, Zuckerman BS, Augustyn M, eds. Developmentaland Behavioral Pediatrics: A Handbook for Primary Care. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:280-284.
89. Semrud-Clikeman M. Neuropsychological aspects for evaluating learning disabilities.
J LearnDisabil. 2005; 38:563-568.
[PubMed: 16392699]
90. Pliszka S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46:894-921.
[PubMed: 17581453]
91. Del'Homme M, Kim TS, Loo SK, Yang MH, Smalley SL. Familial association and frequency of learning disabilities in ADHD sibling pair families.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2007;35:55-62.
[PubMed: 17165143]
92. Tomblin JB, Zhang X. The association of reading disability, behavioral disorders, and language Impairment among second-grade children.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000;41: 473-482.
[PubMed: 10836677]
93. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with language and learning disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37(suppl):46S-62S.
94. Toppelberg C, Shapiro T. Language disorders: a 10-year research update review.
J Am AcadChild Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:143-152.
[PubMed: 10673823]
95. Fergusson DM, Woodward LJ. Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:225-231.
[PubMed: 11879160]
96. Grover R GG, Ialongo N. Psychosocial outcomes of anxious first graders: a seven-year follow-up.
Depress Anxiety. 2007;24:410-420.
[PubMed: 17041929]
97. Cutting L, Denckla M. Attention: relationship between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities. In: Swanson H, Harris K, Graham S, eds. Handbook of Learning Disabilities. New York: Guilford Press; 2003:125-139.
98. Oostrom KJ, van Teeseling H, Smeets-Schouten A, Peters ACB, Jennekens-Schinkel A, Dutch Study of Epilepsy in Childhood (DuSECh). Three to four years after diagnosis: cognition and behaviour in children with "epilepsy only." A prospective, controlled study.
Brain. 2005;128:1546-1555.
[PubMed: 15817514]
99. Selassie GR-H, Viggedal G, Olsson I, Jennische M. Speech, language, and cognition in preschool children with epilepsy.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50:432-438.
[PubMed: 18422681]
100. Nolan MA, Redoblado MA, Lah S, et al. Memory function in childhood epilepsy syndromes.
JPaediatr Child Health. 2004;40:20-27.
[PubMed: 14717999]
101. Fastenau PS, Jianzhao S, Dunn DW, Austin JK. Academic underachievement among children with epilepsy: proportion exceeding psychometric criteria for disability and associated risk factors.
JLearn Disabil. 2008;41:195-207.
[PubMed: 18434287]
102. Piccinelli P, Borgatti R, Aldini A, et al. Academic performance in children with rolandic epilepsy.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50:353-356.
[PubMed: 18294216]
103. Henkin Y, Sadeh M, Kivity S, Shabtai E, Kishon-Rabin L, Gadoth N. Cognitive function in idiopathic generalized epilepsy of childhood.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47: 126-132.
[PubMed: 15707236]
104. Hyman SL, Arthur Shores E, North KN. Learning disabilities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: subtypes, cognitive profile, and attention-deficit- hyperactivity disorder.
DevMed Child Neurol. 2006;48:973-977.
[PubMed: 17109785]
105. Cyrulnik SE, Hinton VJ. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a cerebellar disorder?
NeurosciBiobehav Rev. 2008;32:486.
[PubMed: 18022230]
106. Hendriksen JG, Vles JS. Are males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy at risk for reading disabilities?
Pediatric Neurol. 2006;34:296-300.
[PubMed: 16638505]
107. Marini A, Lorusso ML, D'Angelo MG, et al. Evaluation of narrative abilities in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Brain Lang. 2007;102:1-12.
[PubMed: 17428527]
108. Young HK, Barton BA, Waisbren S, et al. Cognitive and psychological profile of males with Becker muscular dystrophy.
J Child Neurol. 2008;23:155-162.
[PubMed: 18056690]
109. Hart KI, Fujiki M, Brinton B, Hart CH. The relationship between social behavior and severity of language impairment.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004;47:647-662.
[PubMed: 15212575]
110. Fujiki M, Spackman MP, Brinton B, Hall A. The relationship of language and emotion regulation skills to reticence in children with specific language impairment.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2004;47:637-646.
[PubMed: 15212574]
111. Marton K, Abramoff B, Rosenzweig S. Social cognition and language in children with specific language impairment (SLI).
J Communication Disord. 2005;38:143-162.
[PubMed: 15571714]
112. Yoshinaga-Itano C. Sensitive periods in the development of language of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. In: Accardo P, Rogers B, Capute AJ, eds. Disorders of Language Development. Timonium, MD: York Press; 2002: 57-81.
113. Caspari SS, Strand EA, Kotagal S, Bergqvist C. Obstructive sleep apnea, seizures, and childhood apraxia of speech.
Pediatr Neurol. 2008;38:422-425.
[PubMed: 18486825]
114. Gozal D. Sleep-disordered breathing and school performance in children.
Pediatrics. 1998;102:616-620.
[PubMed: 9738185]
115. Rhodes SK, Shimoda KC, Waid LR, et al. Neurocognitive deficits in morbidly obese children with obstructive sleep apnea.
J Pediatr. 1995;127:741-744.
[PubMed: 7472827]
116. Suratt PM, Peruggia M, D'Andrea L, et al. Cognitive function and behavior of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy suspected of having obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e771-e781.
117. Kurnatowski P, Putynski L, Lapienis M, Kowalska B. Neurocognitive abilities in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;70: 419-424.
[PubMed: 16216342]
118. Schuele CM. The impact of developmental speech and language impairments on the acquisition of literacy skills.
Mental Retard Dev Disabil. 2004;10:176-183.
[PubMed: 15611989]
119. Fletcher JM, Francis DJ, Morris RD, Lyon GR. Evidence-based assessment of learning disabilities in children and adolescents.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2005; 34:506-522.
[PubMed: 16083392]
120. Lyon GR, Fletcher JM, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Torgesen JK. Rethinking learning disabilities. In: Finn C, Rotherham A, Hokanson C, eds. Rethinking Special Education for a New Century. Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Foundation and the Progressive Policy Institute; 2001:259-287.
121. Fletcher JM, Denton C, Francis DJ. Validity of alternative approaches for the identification of learning disabilities: operationalizing unexpected underachievement.
J Learn Disabil. 2005;38:545-552.
[PubMed: 16392697]
122. National Research Center on Learning Disabilities. SLD Identification Overview. Winter 2007. Available at: http:// www.nrcld.org/resource_kit/tools/SLDO verview2007.pdf. Accessed May 18, 2008.
123. Francis DJ, Fletcher JM, Stuebing KK, Lyon GR, Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE. Psychometric approaches to the identification of LD: IQ and achievement scores are not sufficient.
J Learn Disabil. 2005;38:98-108.
[PubMed: 15813593]
124. Fletcher JM, Coulter WA, Reschly DJ, Vaughn S. Alternative approaches to the definition and identification of learning disabilities: some questions and answers.
Ann Dyslexia. 2004;54:304-331.
[PubMed: 15741940]
125. Shaywitz SE, Morris R, Shaywitz BA. The education of dyslexic children from childhood to young adulthood.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2008;59:451-475.
[PubMed: 18154503]
126. Fuchs D, Deshler DD. What we need to know about responsiveness to intervention (and shouldn't be afraid to ask). Learn Disabil Res Pract. 2007;22:129-136.
127. Reschly DJ. Learning disabilities identification: primary intervention, secondary intervention, and then what?
J Learn Disabil. 2005;38:510-515.
[PubMed: 16392692]
128. Bradley R, Danielson L, Doolittle J. Response to intervention.
J Learn Disabil. 2005;38:485-486.
[PubMed: 16392688]
129. Vaughn S, Fuchs LS. Redefining learning disabilities as inadequate response to instruction: the promise and potential problems. Learn Disabil Res Pract. 2003;18:137-146.
130. Gresham F. Responsiveness to intervention: an alternative approach to the identification of learning disabilities. In: Bradley R, Danielson L, Hallahan DP, eds. Identification of LearningDisabilities: Research to Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 2002:467-519.
131. Fuchs D, Fuchs LS. Introduction to response to intervention: what, why, and how valid is it? Reading Res Q. 2006;41:93-99.
132. Torgesen JK, Alexander AW, Wagner RK, Rashotte CA, Voeller KKS, Conway T. Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities: immediate and long-term outcomes from two instructional approaches.
J Learn Disabil. 2001;34:33-58.
[PubMed: 15497271]
133. Bental B, Tirosh E. The effects of
methylphenidate on word decoding accuracy in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;28:89-92.
[PubMed: 18204348]
134. Keulers EH, Hendriksen JG, Feron FJ, et al.
Methylphenidate improves reading performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid dyslexia: An unblinded clinical trial.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2007; 11:21-28.
[PubMed: 17169593]
135. U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. Free Appropriate Public Education for Students with Disabilites: Requirements Under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Washington, DC: 2007. Available at:
http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/FAPE504.pdf. Accessed June 1, 2008.
136. Wright PW, Wright P. Wrights law: special education law. 2nd ed. Hartfield, VA: Harbor House Law Press; 2008.
137. Catts HW, Fey ME, Tomblin JB, Zhang X. A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2002;45: 1142-1157.
[PubMed: 12546484]
138. Shaywitz SE, Fletcher JM, Holahan JM, et al. Persistence of dyslexia: the Connecticut longitudinal study at adolescence.
Pediatrics. 1999;104:1351-1359.
[PubMed: 10585988]
139. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Children with Disabilities: American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and American Academy of Ophthalmology: Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision. Pediatrics. 1992;90:124-126.
140. Committee on Children with Learning Disabilities. Dyslexia, and Vision: a subject review. Pediatrics. 1998;102: 1217-1219.
141. Wright C. Learning disorders, dyslexia, and vision.
Aust Fam Physician. 2007;36:843-845.
[PubMed: 17925907]
142. Bishop DVM. Curing dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by training motor co-ordination: miracle or myth?
J Paediatr Child Health. 2007;43:653-655.
[PubMed: 17854448]
143. McArthur G. Test-retest effects in treatment studies of reading disability: the devil is in the detail.
Dyslexia. 2007;13:240-252.
[PubMed: 17948880]
144. Snowling MJ, Hulme C. A critique of claims from Reynolds, Nicolson & Hambly (2003) that DDAT is an effective treatment for children with reading difficulties—"lies, damned lies and (inappropriate) statistics?"
Dyslexia. 2003;9:127-133.
[PubMed: 12775086]
145. Singleton C, Stuart M. Measurement mischief: a critique of Reynolds, Nicolson and Hambly (2003).
Dyslexia. 2003;9:151–160.
[PubMed: 12940298]
146. National Reading Panel. Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction. Rocksville, MD: NICHD Clearinghouse; 2000.
147. National Research Council. Adding It Up: Helping Children Learn Mathematics.Kilpatrick J, Swafford J, and Findell B, eds. Mathematics Learning Study Committee, Center for Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001.
148. National Research Council. Helping Children Learn Mathematics. Mathematics Learning Study Committee. Kilpatrick J, and Swafford J, eds. Center for Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2002.
149. Sattler JM. Assessment of Children: Cognitive Applications. 4th ed. La Mesa, CA: Jerome M. Sattler; 2001.
150. Baron IS. Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Child. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2004.
151. Semel E, Wiig E, Secord WA. Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals. 4th ed. San Antonio, TX: PsychCorp; 2003.
152. Carrow-Woolfolk E. Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service, Inc.1999.
153. Wagner RK, Torgesen JK, Rashotte CA. Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing. Austin: PRO-ED; 1999.
154. Lindamood PC, Lindamood P. Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test. 3rd ed. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 2004.
155. Hammill DD, Pearson NA, Wiederholt JL. Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 1996.
156. Naglieri JA, Das JP. Das-Naglieri Cognitive Assessment System. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing; 1997.
157. Elliott CD. Differential Ability Scales. 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2007.
158. Kaufman AS, Kaufman NL. Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing; 2004.
159. Reynolds CR, Kamphaus RW. Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales and the Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 2003.
160. Roid GH. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. 5th ed. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing; 2003.
161. Bracken BA, McCallum RS. Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing; 1998.
162. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. 3rd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1997.
163. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. 4th ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2003.
164. Wechsler D, Naglieri J. Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability. San Antoni, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2006.
165. Woodcock RW, McGrew KS, Mather N, Schrank FA. Woodcock-Johnson(r) III. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing; 2001.
166. Cohen MJ. Children's Memory Scale. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1997.
167. Reynolds CR, Bigler ED. Test of Memory and Learning. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 1994.
168. Sheslow D, Adams W. Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning. 2nd ed. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 2003.
169. Wiederholt JL, Bryant BR. Gray Oral Reading Tests. 4th ed. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 2001.
170. Connolly AJ. KeyMath Revised: A Diagnostic Inventory of Essential Mathematics [1998 Normative Update]. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service; 1998.
171. Kaufman, A., Kaufman N. Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-Second Edition, Comprehensive Form. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing; 2004.
172. Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test. 4th ed. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement; 1996.
173. Karlsen B, Gardner EF. Stanford Diagnostic Reading Test. 4th ed. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement; 1996.
174. Ginsburg HP, Baroody AJ. Test of Early Mathematics Ability. 3rd ed. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 2003.
175. Reid DK, Hresko WP, Hamill DD. Test of Early Reading Ability. 3rd ed. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 1981.
176. Hresko WP, Herron SR, Peak PK. Test of Early Written Language. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 1996.
177. Brown VL, Hammill DD, Wiederholt JL. Test of Reading Comprehension. 3rd ed. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 1995.
178. Torgesen JK, Wagner RK, Rashotte CA. Test of Word Reading Efficiency. Austin, TX: PRO-ED, 1999.
179. McGhee R, Bryant BR, Larsen SC, Rivera DM. Test of Written Expression. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 1995.
180. Hammill DD, Larsen SC. Test of Written Language. 3rd ed. Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 1993.
181. The Psychological Corporation, Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2001
182. Wilkinson, G., Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services; 2004
183. Schrank FA, Mather N, Woodcock RW. Woodcock-Johnson III(r) Diagnostic Reading Battery. Rolling Meadows, IL: Riverside Publishing; 2004.