Skip to Main Content

CHAPTER 34: MIGRAINE AND OTHER PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS

Peter J. Goadsby; Neil H. Raskin

INTRODUCTION

The general principles around headache as a cardinal symptom are covered elsewhere (Chap. 9); here we discuss disorders in which headache and associated features occur in the absence of any exogenous cause. The most common are migraine, tension-type headache, and the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, notably cluster headache; the complete list is summarized in Table 34-1.

TABLE 34-1PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS, MODIFIED FROM INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF HEADACHE DISORDERS-III-BETA (HEADACHE CLASSIFICATION COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL HEADACHE SOCIETY, 2013)
View Table||Download (.pdf)
TABLE 34-1PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS, MODIFIED FROM INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF HEADACHE DISORDERS-III-BETA (HEADACHE CLASSIFICATION COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL HEADACHE SOCIETY, 2013)
1.Migraine

  • 1.1 Migraine without aura

  • 1.2 Migraine with aura

    • 1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura

      • 1.2.1.1 Typical aura with headache

      • 1.2.1.2 Typical aura without headache

    • 1.2.2 Migraine with brainstem aura

    • 1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraine

      • 1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM)

        • 1.2.3.1.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1

        • 1.2.3.1.2 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2

        • 1.2.3.1.3 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 3

      • 1.2.3.2 Sporadic hemiplegic migraine

    • 1.2.4 Retinal migraine

  • 1.3 Chronic migraine

  • 1.4 Complications of migraine

    • 1.4.1 Status migrainosus

    • 1.4.2 Persistent aura without infarction

    • 1.4.3 Migrainous infarction

    • 1.4.4 Migraine aura-triggered seizure

  • 1.5 Probable migraine

    • 1.5.1 Probable migraine without aura

    • 1.5.2 Probable migraine with aura

  • 1.6 Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine

    • 1.6.1 Recurrent gastrointestinal disturbance

      • 1.6.1.1 Cyclical vomiting syndrome

      • 1.6.1.2 Abdominal migraine

    • 1.6.2 Benign paroxysmal vertigo

    • 1.6.3 Benign paroxysmal torticollis
2. Tension-type headache

  • 2.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headache

  • 2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headache

  • 2.3 Chronic tension-type headache
3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

  • 3.1 Cluster headache

    • 3.1.1 Episodic cluster headache

    • 3.1.2 Chronic cluster headache

  • 3.2 Paroxysmal hemicrania

    • 3.2.1 Episodic paroxysmal hemicrania

    • 3.2.2 Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania

  • 3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks

    • 3.3.1 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)

    • 3.3.2 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA)

  • 3.4 Hemicrania continua
4. Other primary headache disorders

  • 4.1 Primary cough headache

  • 4.2 Primary exercise headache

  • 4.3 Primary headache associated with sexual activity

  • 4.4 Primary thunderclap headache

  • 4.5 Cold-stimulus headache

    • 4.5.1 Headache attributed to external application of a cold stimulus

    • 4.5.2 Headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus

  • 4.6 External-pressure headache

    • 4.6.1 External-compression headache

    • 4.6.2 External-traction headache

  • 4.7 Primary stabbing headache

  • 4.8 Nummular headache

  • 4.9 Hypnic headache

  • 4.10 New daily persistent headache (NDPH)

MIGRAINE

Migraine, the second most common cause of headache, and the most common headache-related, and indeed neurologic, cause of disability in the world, afflicts approximately 15% of women and 6% of men over a 1-year period. It is usually an episodic headache associated with certain features such as sensitivity to light, sound, or movement; nausea and vomiting often accompany the headache. A useful description of migraine is a recurring syndrome of headache associated with other symptoms of neurologic dysfunction in varying admixtures (Table 34-2). Migraine can often be recognized by its activators, referred to ...

Pop-up div Successfully Displayed

This div only appears when the trigger link is hovered over. Otherwise it is hidden from view.

This site uses cookies to provide, maintain and improve your experience. MH Privacy Center Close