TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Common Laboratory Diagnosed Conditions A1 - Kramer, Christopher A1 - Rabinstein, Alejandro A2 - Salardini, Arash A2 - Biller, José PY - 2016 T2 - The Hospital Neurology Book AB - Acid–base and electrolyte disorders are nearly ubiquitous in hospitalized patients and often originate from or manifest as neurological illness. Prompt recognition of the presence and degree of acid–base disorders through analysis of arterial blood gas can have a significant clinical impact in terms of diagnosis and treatment, particularly in the setting of increased intracranial pressure, respiratory muscle weakness, and seizures. Sodium abnormalities, such as diabetes insipidus, the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and cerebral salt wasting, are often encountered in neurological patients in association with their primary illness. Correction of hyponatremia and hypernatremia should be gradual to avoid central pontinemyelinolysis and cerebral edema. Abnormalities of potassium, calcium, and magnesium are also common and can cause serious neurologic and systemic abnormalities that warrant prompt recognition and correction. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127044342 ER -