TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Viral Infections of the Nervous System and Prion Diseases A1 - Ropper, Allan H. A1 - Samuels, Martin A. A1 - Klein, Joshua P. A1 - Prasad, Sashank PY - 2023 T2 - Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 12e AB - A number of viruses share a predilection to primarily affect the human nervous system. The clinical presentations of these infections vary greatly, and while there is considerable overlap in the manifestations, there are also important features that help designate which infection is most likely in a particular scenario, often guiding appropriate diagnostic evaluation and treatment decisions. The systemic effects of the viral infection can vary; in some cases, the systemic features may be negligible, and it is the neurologic disorder that brings them to medical attention. Included in this group are the group of human herpes viruses including herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), herpes zoster or varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), poliovirus, rabies, and several seasonal arthropod-borne viruses (Flaviviruses). Some of these exhibit an affinity for certain types of neurons: for example, poliomyelitis viruses and motor neurons, VZV and peripheral sensory neurons, and rabies virus and brainstem neurons. Yet others attack nonneuronal supporting glial cells; John Cunningham (JC) virus causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is the prime example. For many of the rest, the affinity is less selective in that all elements of the nervous system are involved. Herpes simplex, for example, may devastate the medial parts of the temporal lobes, destroying neurons, glia cells, myelinated nerve fibers, and blood vessels; and HIV may induce multiple foci of tissue necrosis throughout the cerebrum. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/10 UR - neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1199446220 ER -