TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Anxiety Disorders for Children and Adolescents A1 - Lebowitz, Eli R. A1 - King, Robert A. A1 - Silverman, Wendy K. A2 - Ebert, Michael H. A2 - Leckman, James F. A2 - Petrakis, Ismene L. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 3e AB - ICD-10 Diagnostic CriteriaAnxiety DisordersA group of disorders in which anxiety is evoked only, or predominantly, in certain well-defined situations that are not currently dangerous. As a result these situations are characteristically avoided or endured with dread. The patient's concern may be focused on individual symptoms like palpitations or feeling faint and is often associated with secondary fears of dying, losing control, or going mad. Contemplating entry to the phobic situation usually generates anticipatory anxiety. Phobic anxiety and depression often coexist. Whether two diagnoses, phobic anxiety and depressive episode, are needed, or only one, is determined by the time course of the two conditions and by therapeutic considerations at the time of consultation.Separation Anxiety Disorder of Childhood F93.0 (209.21)Should be diagnosed when fear of separation constitutes the focus of the anxiety and when such anxiety first arose during the early years of childhood. It is differentiated from normal separation anxiety when it is of a degree (severity) that is statistically unusual (including an abnormal persistence beyond the usual age period), and when it is associated with significant problems in social functioning.*Note that while ICD-10 classifies separation anxiety disorder as an "emotional disorder with onset specific to childhood" (as was the case in DSM-IV), DSM-5 no longer groups separation anxiety in this category, rather grouping it along with the other anxiety disorders.Social Phobia F40.1 (300.23)Fear of scrutiny by other people leading to avoidance of social situations. More pervasive social phobias are usually associated with low self-esteem and fear of criticism. They may present as a complaint of blushing, hand tremor, nausea, or urgency of micturition, the patient sometimes being convinced that one of these secondary manifestations of their anxiety is the primary problem. Symptoms may progress to panic attacks.Selective Mutism F94.0 (313.23)Characterized by a marked, emotionally determined selectivity in speaking, such that the child demonstrates a language competence in some situations but fails to speak in other (definable) situations. The disorder is usually associated with marked personality features involving social anxiety, withdrawal, sensitivity, or resistance.Specific (Isolated) Phobias F40.2 (300.2)Phobias restricted to highly specific situations such as proximity to particular animals, heights, thunder, darkness, flying, closed spaces, urinating or defecating in public toilets, eating certain foods, dentistry, or the sight of blood or injury. Though the triggering situation is discrete, contact with it can evoke panic as in agoraphobia or social phobia.Panic Disorder [Episodic Paroxysmal Anxiety] F41.0 (300.01)The essential feature is recurrent attacks of severe anxiety (panic), which are not restricted to any particular situation or set of circumstances and are therefore unpredictable. As with other anxiety disorders, the dominant symptoms include sudden onset of palpitations, chest pain, choking sensations, dizziness, and feelings of unreality (depersonalization or derealization). There is often also a secondary fear of dying, losing control, or going mad. Panic disorder should not be given as the main diagnosis if the patient has a depressive disorder at the time the attacks start; in these circumstances the panic attacks are probably secondary to depression.Agoraphobia F40.0 (300.22)A fairly well-defined cluster of phobias embracing fears ... SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158263631 ER -