TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Child Maltreatment A1 - Bernet, William A2 - Ebert, Michael H. A2 - Leckman, James F. A2 - Petrakis, Ismene L. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 3e AB - ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSISICD-10 Diagnostic CriteriaThe legal definitions regarding child maltreatment vary from state to state. In general, neglect is the failure to provide adequate care and protection for children. It may involve failure to feed the child adequately, provide medical care, provide appropriate education, or protect the child from danger. Physical abuse is the infliction of nonaccidental injury by a caretaker. It may take the form of beating, punching, kicking, biting, or other methods. The abuse can result in injuries such as broken bones, internal hemorrhages, bruises, burns, and poisoning. Cultural factors should be considered in assessing whether the discipline of a child is abusive or normative (Giardino & Alexander, 2005; Helfer et al, 1999). Sexual abuse of children refers to sexual behavior between a child and an adult or between two children when one of them is significantly older or more dominant. The sexual behaviors include the following: touching breasts, buttocks, and genitals, whether the victim is dressed or undressed; exhibitionism; fellatio; cunnilingus; penetration of the vagina or anus with sexual organs or with objects; and pornographic photography. Psychological abuse occurs when a caretaker causes serious psychological injury by repeatedly terrorizing or berating a child. When serious, it is often accompanied by neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and exposure to domestic violence (Hamarman & Bernet, 2000). Also, psychological abuse occurs when a person indoctrinates a child to fear or hate a parent without good cause, which is sometimes called parental alienation.The psychiatric classification of abuse and neglect in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) appears in Chapter XIX, "Injury, Poisoning and Certain Other Consequences of External Causes," and in the section "Maltreatment Syndromes." The codes from ICD-10 related to child maltreatment are the following:Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintT74.0Neglect or abandonmentT74.1Physical abuseT74.2Sexual abuseT74.3Psychological abuseAdapted with permission from the World Health Organization (WHO): International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision, Fifth edition, 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/14 UR - neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158263703 ER -