TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Spasticity and Contractures A1 - Stein, Joel A1 - Chowdhury, Nasim A2 - Mitra, Raj Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Principles of Rehabilitation Medicine AB - This chapter focuses on the clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology, and physiatric management of spasticity and contractures. Spasticity is an involuntary velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone, a component of upper motor neuron syndrome.Contractures are a loss of full active and passive range of motion in a limb that can be due to limitations imposed by the joint, muscle, or soft tissue.Spasticity and contractures are significant contributors to disability.Clinical measurement of spasticity includes the Modified Ashworth and Tardieu scales.Spasticity can be treated systemically with oral medications such as baclofen and tizanidine and with an intrathecal baclofen pump. Botulinum toxin and other neurolytic injections are used for localized treatment.Prevention is critical for contracture management. Once they occur, contractures can be managed with rehabilitation modalities, including stretching, proper positioning, and splinting.Once a contracture has developed, surgical release may be required. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1159833148 ER -