TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Low-Level Visual Processing: The Retina Y1 - 2014 N1 - T2 - Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition AB - The Photoreceptor Layer Samples the Visual ImageOcular Optics Limit the Quality of the Retinal ImageThere Are Two Types of Photoreceptors: Rods and ConesPhototransduction Links the Absorption of a Photon to a Change in Membrane ConductanceLight Activates Pigment Molecules in the PhotoreceptorsExcited Rhodopsin Activates a Phosphodiesterase Through the G Protein TransducinMultiple Mechanisms Shut Off the CascadeDefects in Phototransduction Cause DiseaseGanglion Cells Transmit Neural Images to the BrainThe Two Major Types of Ganglion Cells Are ON Cells and OFF CellsMany Ganglion Cells Respond Strongly to Edges in the ImageThe Output of Ganglion Cells Emphasizes Temporal Changes in StimuliRetinal Output Emphasizes Moving ObjectsSeveral Ganglion Cell Types Project to the Brain Through Parallel PathwaysA Network of Interneurons Shapes the Retinal OutputParallel Pathways Originate in Bipolar CellsSpatial Filtering Is Accomplished by Lateral InhibitionTemporal Filtering Occurs in Synapses and Feedback CircuitsColor Vision Begins in Cone-Selective CircuitsCongenital Color Blindness Takes Several FormsRod and Cone Circuits Merge in the Inner RetinaThe Retina's Sensitivity Adapts to Changes in IlluminationLight Adaptation Is Apparent in Retinal Processing and Visual PerceptionMultiple Gain Controls Occur Within the RetinaLight Adaptation Alters Spatial ProcessingAn Overall View SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1101679933 ER -