TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - The Visual Motor System A1 - Martin, Timothy J. A1 - Corbett, James J. PY - 2013 T2 - Practical Neuroophthalmology AB - The visual motor (efferent) system can be functionally divided into supranuclear/internuclear, nuclear/infranuclear, and orbit/extraocular muscle components. Supranuclear pathways originate in the cerebral cortex and are modulated by the cerebellum and vestibular apparatus to coordinate movement of both eyes with respect to the position and movement of the head and body. These areas and the functions they perform are supranuclear because they are higher up in the chain of command than the cranial nerve motor nuclei (for cranial nerves III, IV, and VI) that drive the extraocular muscles. Internuclear pathways provide direct connections between specific motor nuclei to coordinate binocular movement. Infranuclear pathways begin with the fascicles of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI and include the course of these cranial nerves to the extraocular muscles, delivering coordinated impulses to the muscles that move the eyes, eyelids, and pupil. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1101632620 ER -