RT Book, Section
A1 Kramer, Christopher
A1 Rabinstein, Alejandro
A2 Salardini, Arash
A2 Biller, José
SR Print(0)
ID 1127044342
T1 Common Laboratory Diagnosed Conditions
T2 The Hospital Neurology Book
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071845830
LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1127044342
RD 2024/04/23
AB Acid–base  and  electrolyte  disorders  are  nearly  ubiquitous  in  hospitalized  patients  and  often  originate  from  or  manifest  as  neurological  illness.  Prompt  recognition  of  the  presence  and  degree  of  acid–base  disorders  through  analysis  of  arterial  blood  gas  can  have  a  significant  clinical  impact  in  terms  of  diagnosis  and  treatment,  particularly  in  the  setting  of  increased  intracranial  pressure,  respiratory  muscle  weakness,  and  seizures.  Sodium  abnormalities,  such  as  diabetes  insipidus,  the  syndrome  of  inappropriate  antidiuretic  hormone  secretion,  and  cerebral  salt  wasting,  are  often  encountered  in  neurological  patients  in  association  with  their  primary  illness.  Correction  of  hyponatremia  and  hypernatremia  should  be  gradual  to  avoid  central  pontinemyelinolysis  and  cerebral  edema.  Abnormalities  of  potassium,  calcium,  and  magnesium  are  also  common  and  can  cause  serious  neurologic  and  systemic  abnormalities  that  warrant  prompt  recognition  and  correction.