RT Book, Section
A1 Elliott, Jennifer A.
A1 Simopoulos, Thomas T.
A2 Bajwa, Zahid H.
A2 Wootton, R. Joshua
A2 Warfield, Carol A.
SR Print(0)
ID 1131938668
T1 Neuromodulation for Pain
T2 Principles and Practice of Pain Medicine, 3e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071766838
LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1131938668
RD 2024/04/18
AB Neurostimulation  techniques  have  been  used  in  the  management  of  pain  for  close  to  50  years.  Transcutaneous  electrical  nerve  stimulation  (TENS)  represents  one  of  the  most  widely  utilized  external  neuromodulation  devices.  Over  the  past  several  decades,  more  complex  forms  of  neurostimulation  devices  and  techniques  have  been  developed  and  implemented  in  pain  management  practice  for  permanent  human  implantation.  These  include  peripheral  nerve  stimulation  (PNS),  peripheral  nerve  field  stimulation  (PNFS),  spinal  cord  stimulation  (SCS),  and  intracranial  stimulation  (ICS).  More  patients  suffering  from  intractable  pain  elect  to  undergo  neurostimulation  device  implantation  after  failure  of  conservative  management  techniques  for  pain  control.  The  advantages  from  a  patient's  perspective  include  an  essentially  side-effect  free  device  under  direct  patient  control  that  can  be  dynamically  self-adjusted  to  his  or  her  level  of  pain  and  activity.