RT Book, Section
A1 Berkowitz, Aaron L.
SR Print(0)
ID 1160203738
T1 The Cerebellum and Approach to Ataxia
T2 Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy: A Localization-Based Approach
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259834400
LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160203738
RD 2024/04/18
AB The  output  of  the  motor  cortex  (and  the  adjacent  premotor  and  supplementary  cortices)  is  shaped  by  input  from  the  basal  ganglia  and  cerebellum.  The  basal  ganglia  and  cerebellum  participate  in  corticocortical  loops  that  begin  and  end  in  motor  regions.  The  basal  ganglia  are  involved  in  the  initiation  and  patterning  of  movements  (see  Ch.  7),  and  the  cerebellum  is  involved  in  the  coordination  of  movements.  Both  structures  are  also  involved  in  cognition  and  eye  movements.  Lesions  of  the  cerebellum  can  lead  to  incoordination  of  movements  (ataxia),  imprecision  of  movements  (dysmetria),  difficulty  with  rapid  alternating  movements  (dysdiadochokinesia),  truncal  and  gait  instability,  and  difficulty  with  articulation  of  speech  (dysarthria).  Due  to  cerebellar  involvement  in  oculomotor  and  vestibular  function,  cerebellar  lesions  can  also  cause  nystagmus,  vertigo,  nausea,  and  vomiting.