RT Book, Section A1 Katzen, Stephen L. A1 Fletcher, Stephen A. A1 Shah, Manish N. A1 Sandberg, David I. A2 Lee, Kiwon SR Print(0) ID 1143956104 T1 Pediatric Neurosurgery T2 The NeuroICU Book, 2e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071841443 LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1143956104 RD 2024/03/29 AB An African American male infant born at 23 6/7 weeks gestation via vaginal delivery with APGAR scores of 7 and 7 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, was intubated shortly after delivery. An echocardiogram showed a small patent ductus arteriosis and a small patent foramen ovale with left to right shunting. The patient’s initial hospital course was complicated by necrotizing enterocolitis for which he was treated with a Penrose drain and a course of intravenous (IV) piperacillin/tazobactam. On his second day of life, an ultrasound of the brain showed grade III bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) without ventriculomegaly. Over the course of the next few days, his head circumference increased each day, and his fontanelle became full with splayed sutures. A follow-up ultrasound of the brain demonstrated significant ventriculomegaly that had not been present on the initial ultrasound (Figure 28-1).