RT Book, Section
A1 Thompson, Travis
A1 Hollon, Steven D.
A2 Ebert, Michael H.
A2 Leckman, James F.
A2 Petrakis, Ismene L.
SR Print(0)
ID 1158258039
T1 Behavioral and Cognitive–Behavioral Interventions
T2 Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 3e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071754422
LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158258039
RD 2024/04/19
AB Although  their  roots  can  be  found  at  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century,  modern  behavioral  and  cognitive–behavioral  therapies  arose  during  the  1950s  and  early  1960s  when  the  scientific  study  of  behavior  emerged  as  a  subject  with  validity  in  its  own  right.  Disordered  behavior  was  no  longer  taken  to  be  purely  a  symptom  or  indicator  of  something  else  going  on  in  the  mind.  Of  inherent  concern  was  its  relation  to  past  and  current  environmental  events  thought  to  be  causally  related  to  that  behavior.  Methods  developed  in  animal  laboratories  began  to  be  tested—in  laboratory,  institutional,  clinical,  and  school  settings—with  people  who  had  chronic  mental  illness  or  intellectual  disabilities  and  with  predelinquent  adolescents.  Improvements  in  patient  behavior  and  functioning  were  often  striking.  These  changes  took  place  against  a  backdrop  of  growing  dissatisfaction  with  the  prevailing  notion  that  psychopathology  typically  arose  from  unobservable  psychic  causes  that  were  assessed  and  treated  using  techniques  that  seemed  to  be  based  more  on  art  than  science.  In  addition,  an  accumulating  literature  of  outcome  studies  revealed  that  much  of  psychotherapy  as  it  had  been  practiced  until  the  early  1960s  engendered  very  modest  and  largely  unpredictable  results.  Thus,  contemporary  behavior  therapies  emerged  from  three  distinct  psychological  traditions:  classical  or  Pavlovian  conditioning,  instrumental  or  operant  conditioning,  and  cognitive–behavioral  and  rational–emotive  therapies.