RT Book, Section
A1 Raynor, Geoffrey
A1 Gale, Seth
A2 Silbersweig, David A.
A2 Safar, Laura T.
A2 Daffner, Kirk R.
SR Print(0)
ID 1178762541
T1 ADHD and Executive Function Disorders
T2 Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology: Principles and Practice
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260117103
LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178762541
RD 2024/04/24
AB Attention  deficit  disorder  (with  or  without  hyperactivity)  first  appeared  in  the  Diagnostic  and  Statistical  Manual  of  Mental  Disorders  (DSM)  III  in  1980,1  though  reports  of  pathological  inattention  in  children  have  appeared  as  early  as  the  18th  century  by  physicians  Melchior  Weikard  in  Germany  and  Alexander  Crichton  in  Scotland.2  Sir  Alexander  Crichton  wrote  in  1798  about  patients  who  are,  from  birth,  “incapable  of  attending  with  constancy  to  any  one  object  of  education.”3  Of  the  disorder,  he  wrote:  “…but,  it  seldom  is  in  so  great  a  degree  as  totally  to  impede  all  instruction;  and  what  is  very  fortunate,  it  is  generally  diminished  with  age.”3  In  time,  the  diagnosis  evolved  through  subsequent  DSM  editions  to  be  divided  into  three  subtypes:  predominantly  inattentive,  predominantly  hyperactive-impulsive,  and  combined  type.  The  diagnostic  criterion  regarding  age  of  symptom  onset  was  most  recently  expanded  from  7  years  to  12  years  old.4  Given  the  natural  variability  of  attentional  traits  and  abilities  between  individuals,5,6  ongoing  debate  exists  as  to  what  severity  of  deficits  “cross  the  threshold”  to  become  a  psychiatric  illness.7