RT Book, Section A1 Rahmani, Redi A1 Lawton, Michael T. A1 Vates, G. Edward SR Print(0) ID 1201301582 T1 Anatomy T2 External Ventricular and Lumbar Drains: Indications, Procedures, and Patient Care YR 2024 FD 2024 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781264268290 LK neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1201301582 RD 2024/11/03 AB CHAPTER SUMMARYThe trajectories of an external ventricular drain (EVD) can generally be categorized as either anterior or posterior. The entry points for anterior trajectories include the Kocher, Barrow, and Kaufmann points, whereas those for posterior trajectories include the Keen, Frazier, Sanchez, and Dandy points. These same trajectories apply intraoperatively, with the removal of cranial bone. Theoretically, any trajectory into the ventricular system can be used for an EVD. However, the neurosurgeon must account for the anatomy that will be transgressed. Placement of a lumbar drain usually requires the use of a Tuffier line at the L4-L5 intervertebral space.